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Coffee and Pregnancy
Statement
Frequently Asked Questions
--References
Downloadable Resources

References

Balat, O., Balat, A., Ugur, M.G., Pence, S. The effect of smoking and caffeine on the fetus and placenta in pregnancy. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 30(1):57-59.

Food Standards Agency. Guidance on caffeine consumption during pregnancy. 2009; http://www.eatwell.gov.uk/agesandstages/pregnancy/whenyrpregnant/

Grosso, L.M., Rosenberg, K.D., Belanger, K., Saftlas, A.F., Leaderer, B., Bracken, M.B. Maternal caffeine intake and intrauterine growth retardation. Epidemiology. 2001; 11(3):447-455.

Hakim, R.B., Gray, R.H., Zacur, H. Alcohol and caffeine consumption and decreased fertility. Fertil Steril.1998; Oct;70(4):632-7.

Higdon, J.V., Frei, B. Coffee and health: a review of recent human research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2006;46(2):101-123.

Joesoef,C.R., Beral,V., Rolfs, R. T., Arar, S.O., Cramer P. W . Are caffeinated beverages risk factors for delayed conception? Lancet1990; 335:136-137.

Lawson, C.C., LeMasters, G.K., Levin, L.S., Liu, J.H. Pregnancy hormone metabolite patterns, pregnancy symptoms, and coffee consumption. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; Sep 1;156(5):428-37.

Lawson, C. C., LeMasters, G. K., Caffeine and spontaneous abortion (letter to the editor). Epidemiology. 2004; Mar;15(2):229-39.

Leviton, A., Cowan, L. A review of the literature relating caffeine consumption by women to their risk of reproductive hazards. Food Chem Toxicol. 2002; Sep;40(9):1271-1310.

March of Dimes. Guidance on caffeine intake during pregnancy.2009; http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332

Matijasevich, A., Santos, I.S., Barros, F.C. Does caffeine consumption during pregnancy increase the risk of fetal mortality? A literature review. Cad Saude Publica. 2005;Nov-Dec;21(6):1676-84. Epub 2006 Jan 9.

Nawrot, P., Jordan, S., Eastwood, J., Rotstein, J., Hugenholtz, A., Feeley, M. Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Addit Contam. 2003; Jan;20(1):1-30.

Olsen, J.Cigarette smoking, Tea and Coffee Drinking and Subfecundity.American Journal of Epidemiology1991;133:734-739

Signorello, L.B., McLaughlin, J.K. Maternal caffeine consumption and spontaneous abortion: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiology. 2004; Mar 15(2):229-239.

Stein, Z., Susser, M. Miscarriage, caffeine, and the epiphenomena of pregnancy: the causal model. Epidemiology. 2:163-7, 1991.

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